At length scales smaller than \(\lambda_v\) the dominant transport mechanism is fluid deformation due to shear. Estimate the velocity gradient directly from the energy dissipation rate, \(\tilde\]Īt length scales larger than the inner viscous length scale, \(\lambda_v\), the dominant transport mechanism is by turbulent eddies. Use the total mechanical energy loss in the control volume to calculate the energy dissipation rate. Use Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to solve for the spatially averaged velocity gradient. Use the Navier Stokes equations and solve for the spatially averaged velocity gradient. There are three approaches to calculating the average velocity gradient within a control volume. Thus, our goal is to define the velocity gradients consistently across a range of possible flow regimes.
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